1929 május 16-án, a világ legelső Oscar díjátadójának éjszakáján (a hollywood-i Roosewelt Hotel Blossom Room-jában) nagyjából 270 ember fizette ki az 5 dolláros belépőt, hogy megtekintse, amint az akkori elnök, George Fairbanks sebtiben kiosztja a szoborocskákat. A feltörekvőben lévő Fox Stúdió a tucatnyi díj felét nyerte el! Frank Borzage a Seventh Heaven-ért, míg F.W.Murnau a Sunrise-ért kapott elismerést (akkoriban még nem volt szimpátia szavazássá és cirkuszi magamutogatássá aljasítva az Oscar-díj, volt nívója...szerintem) Mindkét rendező rendkívüli hatással volt a későbbi filmkészítők gondolkdására, látásmódjára és úttörő szerepet játszott a hollywood-i film születésénél (lám, még egy kifejezés, amit üres frázissá züllesztettek, mert annyit mondogatták mindeféle hozzá nem értő jött-mentek)
Bemásoltam az eredeti leírást, lefordítani nincs kedvem ;)
The centerpiece of Fox's new DVD collection is John Cork's new documentary, 'Murnau, Borzage & Fox.' Featuring rare and unseen footage from the era, the documentary examines the brief moment in Hollywood history during which art flourished free of the constraints of commercial interests - and the three men who were at the center of that great experiment in filmmaking. On the evening of May 16, 1929 at the Roosevelt Hotel the very first Academy Awards were held, celebrating the 1927/8 movie season. Of the twelve Oscars presented that glamorous night, Fox's studio would win half of them.
Fox had invested heavily in making movie directors the stars of his films, gambling that audiences would gravitate to strong stories told well. On that evening two of his films, '7th Heaven' and 'Sunrise' captured the coveted golden statue known as 'Oscar' for 'Drama Direction' (Frank Borzage for 7th Heaven) and a special Oscar, 'Unique and Artistic Picture' (F.W. Murnau for Sunrise). - Fox's star actress Janet Gaynor also won a statuette for her performances in both 'Sunrise' and '7th Heaven.' It was the ultimate validation of Fox's vision for movies as an art form in their own right. - (Note: Paramount's 'Wings' won the Oscar for 'Outstanding Production' - but today is credited as the first 'Best Film' - but 'Sunrise' could challenge that assumption).
Fox had started in the business operating nickelodeons in New York and soon amassed a small fortune as he built a chain of theaters. He fought the monopoly of the movie distributors such as Edison, eventually becoming a vertically-integrated mogul in his own right, owning his own movie studio, distribution company and theater chain. - Fox's first movie studio was located at the center of American filmmaking, Fort Lee, New Jersey - before moving operations in Hollywood in the early 1920s.
When Fox saw F.W. Murnau's 'The Last Laugh' and decided to bring the German expressionist director to Hollywood. Murnau was given carte blanche by Fox to make any movie he wished, free of financial constraint. Murnau did not disappoint his benefactor, as 'Sunrise' became one of the most celebrated movies of all-time. It was an epic production, with the studio back-lot turned into a rural town and a city - the contrasting settings of this melodrama - as well as expensive location shooting at Lake Arrowhead.
Concurrently, Frank Borzage, already part of Fox's stable of directors, was working on his own melodramatic love story set in Paris during the Great War, '7th Heaven.' Like Murnau, Borzage's film was visually extravagant and lyrical. Both directors used daring camera movements that were new to audiences at the time. Both directors were daring, pushing the boundaries of what Hollywood movies were.
Murnau's arrival at Fox was heavily promoted as a signal of the artistic spirit of Fox movies. Murnau's arrival at the studio also had a profound effect on the stable of directors already there. Not only was Borzage heavily influenced by Murnau, but so was John Ford, Alan Dwan and Raoul Walsh. Ford borrowed heavily from Murnau, especially for 'Hangman's House' (part of the 'Ford at Fox' DVD collection and 'John Ford: The Silent Epics' DVD collection).
Both Murnau and Borzage approached the subject of how love overcomes all adversities - but from very different perspectives. Murnau delved into the dark territory of lust and seduction, as his naïve protagonist is manipulated by a visting city girl to murder his wife in a fake boating accident, so they can live the nightlife of the big city.
Borzage examined the spirituality of love, faith in God and the promise of miracles. Borzage's closing shot of a priest raising his hand to God as he witnesses the miracle of the film's lovers reunited remains overwhelmingly powerful.
Despite the validation that the Oscars bestowed upon his movies, for the three protagonists in this story there would be no happy endings.
'Sunrise' was an unequivocal critical success, but it was not a huge box-office draw. Murnau had been given a free hand to spend liberally, and Fox was in deficit on the picture. For his next movie, Murnau agreed to a more modest production - this one set in a circus and following the loves of a trapeze act, known as the '4 Devils.'
Fate would prove unkind to '4 Devils' as sound was coming to motion pictures, and William Fox was in the middle of a format war between his Fox-Movietone sound-on-film system and the Warner Brothers synchronized record format, Vitaphone.
'4 Devils' was completed and screened for test audiences. Largely positive in their response, Fox was less certain following the under-performance of 'Sunrise.'
After an initial release, the movie was taken back and a new section of 'talkie' sequences were filmed and added into a revised version of the movie. It was eventually released as a 'sqwarkie' - but technology had overtaken the silent film, and the hybrid silent-talkie was lost to the novelty of full, all-talking movies.
Murnau, who once had a creative free-hand, now began to chafe at the studio's interference. His third Fox film, 'Our Daily Bread,' was plagued by compromise that drove Murnau to terminate his contract with Fox - and the movie was finally released and retitled 'City Girl.' Murnau left Hollywood for Tahiti, where he made his independent movie 'Tabu' with Robert Flaherty. - His return to California would prove fatal. Just weeks before the premiere of 'Tabu,' Murnau was fatally injured when his car crashed in Santa Barbara. At the time, popular press reports suggested that Murnau had been cursed by the spirits of Tahiti for building a colonial house on a sacred burial ground.
Borzage's '7th Heaven' had been a huge success and his following films, 'Street Angel,' 'Bad Girl' and 'The River' continued the artistic and commercial streak -Borzage would win a second directing Oscar for 'Bad Girl.' But by 1931, William Fox had been ousted from his studio - and like Murnau, Borzage moved to Paramount where he would make his landmark adaptation of Hemingway's 'A Farewell to Arms.' While Borzage would continue as a prominent director, it was for his silent movies at Fox that he would be best remembered, and for which he won his two Academy Awards.
If 1927 represented an artistic peak for William Fox, it was also the beginning of his commercial downfall. Fox had enjoyed a long period of stratospheric growth in the previous 12 years since he started his Fox Film Corporation. That growth had been heavily leveraged, financially. But with the movies reaching 100-million admissions a week, the movies were a huge cash-cow.
It was in 1927 that Marcus Loew, the head of Loews Corporation (that owned rival studio M-G-M) died suddenly, leaving his widow with the controlling stock for the company. - William Fox saw this as an opportunity to expand his output and purchase a major competitor. But it would prove a disastrous undertaking.
Fox had borrowed some $50 million to acquire the MGM stock, as well as millions more to purchase a rival theater chain. When the Wall Street collapse of 1929 happened, on paper Fox should have been able to raise capital to make payments on his margin calls that he brokers and banks were calling in. - The MGM shares plumetted in value - as did the value of most of Fox's holdings during the panic of '29. But the margin calls were for real - and despite arranging last minute financing, it became clear that the financiers had the clout to prevent Fox making his obligations and take over the Fox holdings. Finally, William Fox forced to sell out everything.
It was a harsh and bitter lesson for Fox. Even his once stalwart executives turned against him for the promise of better pay. - On the brink of the biggest success of his career, he found himself on the outside - never to return to filmmaking. Fox Films was placed in the hands of appointed managers and Fox himself was left on the sidelines. The company never quite regained its footing, the enormous cash surplus enjoyed under Fox's regime became a thing of the past. From 1930 through to 1935 Fox Films struggled on and even had notable successes with the likes of Shirley Temple, Warner Baxter, and a thriving B-unit under the auspices of Fox production veteran Sol Wurtzel which produced the Charlie Chan series. In 1935, with fortunes cloudy, Fox Films merged with Twentieth Century (headed by Darryl Zanuck) to form Twentieth Century-Fox.
Upton Sinclair, the noted socialist writer and biographer (his book 'Oil' was the inspiration for the movie, 'There Will Be Blood') published Fox's own account of his downfall in 'Presenting William Fox.'
William Fox was ruined (although he managed to hold on to a sizeable personal fortune). But his downfall was not yet complete. In 1936, during his bankruptcy hearings, Fox was found to be bribing the Judge in his case - resulting in a prison sentence of one-year. Once the most important man in defining what Hollywood movies could be artistically had become a pariah. He died in 1952 at the age of 73. Hollywood overlooked his passing.
But the legacy of William Fox lives on. Eventually, his sound-on-film process became the format of choice. His experiments with Fox Grandeur (a 70mm widescreen process used on 'The Big Trail' and 'Song O' My Heart') would become a mainstream reality some 20-plus years later with the advent of epic 65mm, 70mm, CinemaScope and other wide film formats. William Fox pioneered a path of artistic and technical innovation as part of his grand ambition to be the biggest name in movie entertainment.
MURNAU, BORZAGE & FOX
A twelve feature-film DVD collection, with a new feature-length documentary - plus two coffee table books of photographs from the films in the collection and essays by Janet Bergstrom.
- Murnau, Borzage & Fox (2008) - John Cork
Feature documentary - approx 120-mins.
- Lazybones (1925) - Frank Borzage
Feature film
Newly created score composed and conducted by Tim Curran
Still gallery
- Street Angel (1928) - Frank Borzage
Feature film
Still gallery
- Seventh Heaven (1927) - Frank Borzage
Feature film - 1:20 aspect ratio
Commentary by Robert Birchard and Anthony Slide
The River reconstruction featurettes
- Sunrise (1927) - F.W. Murnau
Version A - Movietone version of feature film - 1:30 aspect ratio
Version B - European silent version of feature film - 1:20 aspect ratio
Commentary by ASC Cinematographer John Bailey
Commentary by Robert Birchard and Anthony Slide
Outtakes with commentary by John Bailey
Outtakes with text cards
Original scenario by Carl Meyer with annotations by Murnau
Theatrical trailer
Still gallery
Sunrise screenplay
Restoration notes
Original movietone score
- Lucky Star (1929) - Frank Borzage
Feature film
New score composed and conducted by Christopher Caliendo
Still gallery
- The Had To See Paris (1929) - Frank Borzage
Feature film
Still gallery
- City Girl (1930) - F.W. Murnau
Feature film - 1:19 aspect ratio
New score composed and conducted by Christopher Caliendo
Still gallery
- Murnau's 4 Devils: Traces of a Lost Film (2004) - A film by Janet Bergstrom
4 Devils script
- Liliom (1930) - Frank Borzage
Feature film
Still gallery
- After Tomorrow (1932) - Frank Borzage
Feature film
Still gallery
- Young America (1932) - Frank Borzage
Feature film
Still gallery
- Song O' My Heart (1930) - Frank Borzage
Full sound version of film - 1;20 aspect ratio
Music and Effects version of film
Still gallery
- Bad Girl (1931) - Frank Borzage
Feature film
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